Theodore 1 (Male) Archbishop of Canterbury, 668-690
e vii-l vii

Author of a letter to �thelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi 43

Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5

Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24

Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus pp. 120-60

Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm 1-4

Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint�s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii

Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei

Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI

Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI 115

Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa

Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII

Office (89)
Archbishop (72)

Anon.VitCuthberti  iv.1
Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24
Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
Stephen.VitWilfridi  29 (Most reverent archbishop)
Stephen.VitWilfridi  30 (Most holy archbishop of the dwellers in Kent)
Stephen.VitWilfridi  32 (Most holy archbishop)
Stephen.VitWilfridi  33
Stephen.VitWilfridi  43 (p. 88) (By the Grace of God archbishop)
Stephen.VitWilfridi  44
Stephen.VitWilfridi  46
Stephen.VitWilfridi  54 (p. 116) (Mandated by this apostolic see archbishop of venerable memory of the holy church of the dwellers in Kent.)
Stephen.VitWilfridi  58
Stephen.VitWilfridi  60 (p. 130)
Bede.ChronMaior  527.554
Bede.OpusQuaest  97 (Archbishop of the English people)
Bede.HistAb  3 (Archbishop of Britain)
Bede.HE  Preface
Bede.HE  ii.3
Bede.HE  iii.7 (archbishop of the church of Canterbury)
Bede.HE  iv.2
Bede.HE  iv.5
Bede.HE  iv.6
Bede.HE  iv.12
Bede.HE  iv.17
Bede.HE  iv.23
Bede.HE  iv.28
Bede.HE  v.3
Bede.HE  v.8
Bede.HE  v.23
Bede.HE  v.24
LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
S7
S8
S9
S10
S13
S51
S66    (archbishop of Canterbury)
S71
S73
S227
S230
S233
S252
S1167
S1168
S1428a    (archbishop of Britain and the city of Canterbury)
S250
ASC (E)  668 EF(OE and Lat.)
ASC (E)  685 EF(OE and Lat.)
OEMart  27
ASC  668 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <668> B (archbishop of Canterbury)
ASC  680 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <680> B
ASC  690 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <690> B
ASC  670 F(Lat.)
John XII.Ep.Z143
Sergius.Ep.B84
Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)
Bede.Homilies  I.13 (p.91)
�thelweard.Chron  ii.8
ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.)
NewMinster.LiberVitae  Fol 14v.5.vii (Archbishop of the people of Canterbury)
Anon.EpisList1    (archbishop of the city of Canterbury)
Anon.EpisList2    (archbishop of the church of Canterbury)
Anon.EpisList3    (archbishop of the church of Canterbury)
Anon.EpisList4    (archbishop of the city of Canterbury)
Anon.EpisList5    (archbishop of the church of Canterbury)
DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil. (Archbishop of the English)
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3
RestingPlaces  14

Bishop (15)

Stephen.VitWilfridi  54 (p. 116) (Bishop of venerable memory)
Bede.HE  iv.5 (BIshop of the Church at Canterbury)
Bede.HE  iv.21
Bede.HE  v.8
Bede.HE  v.24
S72    (bishop of Canterbury)
S1428a
S72    (bishop of York)
ASC  670 ACEG, <670> B
S376
Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 74
Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 492)
AnnalsUlster  691.2 (Bishop of Britain)
Willibrord.Cal  11
DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef. (Venerable bishop)

Counsellor (1)

Bede.HistAb  3

Sub-deacon (1)

Bede.HE  iv.1

Occupation (6)
Monk (2)

Bede.HE  iv.1
S71

Philosopher (1)

Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173

Teacher (3)

Bede.HE  iv.2
Bede.HE  v.23
Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Status (4)
Apostle (1)

Anon.VitAlcuini  4

Patronus (1)

�thelweard.Chron  ii.8

Peregrinus (1)

Theodore.Carm  1.6

Senex (1)

DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Personal Relationship (12)
Theodore 1 Brother (Honorific kinship) of ~ (2)

of Vitalian 1: Vitalian.Ep.B24
of Agatho 2: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 74

~ Brother (Honorific kinship) of Theodore 1 (5)

Leuthhere 2: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5
Wilfrid 2: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5
Wynnfrith 1: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5
Putta 1: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5
Bisi 1: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5

~ Disciple (General relationship) of Theodore 1 (1)

Tobias 2: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  v.23

Theodore 1 Father (Honorific kinship) of ~ (1)

of Missing Person: �thelweard.Chron  ii.8

~ Fellow labourer (General relationship) of Theodore 1 (1)

Hadrian 2: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  v.20

~ Son (Honorific kinship) of Theodore 1 (1)

�thelred 2: of Theodore 1: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43 (p. 88)

~ Successor (General relationship) of Theodore 1 (1)

Beorhtwald 6: of Theodore 1: ASC  690 ACG, <690> B

Event (121)
Absolution (1)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Accusation (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Advice/counsel (2)

Eoda 1 and Anonymous 907.composition of this penitential: Eoda 2 and Anonymous 907 had written [this material] after consultation with Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil.
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Appointment - ecclesiastical (3)

Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5
Theodore 1.judgment about the ordination of those guilty of heresy: Theodore 1 gave his judgment about the ordination of those formerly guilty of heresy.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.2
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (3)

Biscop 2.surrending his abbacy: Biscop 2 spent most of his life abroad on business. He therefore gladly yielded control of St Augustine's Canterbury to Hadrian 2 on his arrival, although King Ecgberht 3 had appointed him abbot there. Biscop 2 did so out of respect for his superior, Archbishop Theodore 1.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iv.186.9
Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5
Theodore 1.appointing Seaxburg 1 as abbess: Seaxburg 1 received the veil from Archbishop Theodore 1 in the church of Sheppey.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.36

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (5)

Beorhtwald 6.succession: Theodore 1 was succeeded by Beorhtwald 6, for thirty-seven years, and he by Tatwine 2.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.2.1
Theodore 1.archiepiscopal elevation: Theodore 1 was ordained in Rome given the pallium, and then sent on to Britain.: Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173
Theodore 1.consecration: Vitalian 1 consecrates Theodore 1 archbishop of Britain.: Bede.HistAb
Theodore 1.ordination as archbishop: Here Theodore 1 was ordained to the archiepiscopacy.: ASC  668 ACG, <668> B (668)
Theodore 1.returning to Kent with entourage: Guided by Biscop 2, Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 arrived in Kent where he was very favourably received and enthroned as archbishop.: Bede.HistAb  3

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (28)

Chad 1.episcopal installation at Lichfield: After being deposed from York, Chad 1 was ordained through all the ecclesiastical degrees as bishop of Lichfield.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)
Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24
Cuthbert 1.episcopal consecration: Seven bishops (Theodore 1 and Anonymi 679) participated to the consecration, which took place in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.HE  iv.28
Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3
Leuthhere 2.episcopal consecration: Leuthhere 2, nephew of Agilbert 1, was consecrated bishop of the West Saxons by Theodore 1. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.75.9
Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For �thelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8
Theodore 1.appointment of Gebmund 1: Gebmund 1 was appointed when Cwichelm 2 left the bishopric of Rochester for lack of means.: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.appointment of Tunberht 1-Trumwine 1: Theodore 1 appointed Tunberht 1 to the church of Hexham and Trumwine 1 as bishop of the kingdom of the Picts: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.consecartion of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 consecrated Wynnfrith 1 as bishop of the Mercians, Middle Angles and Lindsey.: Bede.HE  iv.3
Theodore 1.consecration of Bisi 1: Bisi 1 was made bishop in Beorhtgils 1's place, when the latter died.: Bede.HE  iv.5
Theodore 1.consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated [Cuthbert 1] as bishop to Hexham in York on the first day of Easter because Trumberht 1 had been deposed.: ASC (E)  685 EF(OE and Lat.) (685)
Theodore 1.consecration of Cwichelm 2: Theodore 1 consecrated Cwichelm 2.: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.consecration of Eadh�d 1-Bosa 1-Eata 2: Eadh�d 1, Bosa 1 and Eata 2 were consecrated by Theodore 1.: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.consecration of H�dde 2: Theodore 1 consecrated H�dde 2 in London: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.consecration of Leuthhere 2 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated Leuthhere 2 [F(Lat.) adds: over the East Saxons].: ASC  670 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <670> B (670)
Theodore 1.consecration of Putta: Theodore 1 consecrated Putta 1 as bishop of Rochester.: Bede.HE  iv.2
Theodore 1.consecration of Seaxwulf 1: Theodore 1 consecrated Seaxwulf 1 as bishop of the Mercians in place of Wynnfrith 1, whom he had deposed.: Bede.HE  iv.6
Theodore 1.consecration of three bishops to see of Wilfrid 2 at York: In the absence of Wilfrid 2, Theodore 1 consecrated without precedent and irregularly on his own three bishops (Anonymi 331) to sections of Wilfrid 2's see.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
Theodore 1.episcopal appointment of Eorcenwald 1: Theodore 1 appointed Eorcenwald 1 bishop in London, for the East Saxons.: Bede.HE  iv.6 (675)
Theodore 1.episcopal consecration: Theodore 1 was consecrated by Vitalian 1.: Bede.HE  iv.1, v.24 (668)
Theodore 1.episcopal installation of Wilfrid 2 at York: Theodore 1 came from Kent and demanded that Chad 1 be deposed. He installed Wilfrid 2 as bishop in York. : Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Theodore 1.second consecration of Chad 1: Theodore 1 made it clear to Chad 1 that his consecration had not been regular.: Bede.HE  iv.2
Wilfrid 2.elevation to the see of York: Wilfrid 2 was chosen to fill the see of York, and sent by King Aldfrith 1 [more likely by Ealhfrith 1], son of King Oswiu 1, to Gaul for consecration. While he dallied overseas, King Oswiu 1 foisted Chad 1 on the throne of York. Chad 1 was very holy, but his election was illegal. The wrong was set right when Theodore 1 was sent from the papal see to be archbishop of Canterbury: Chad 1 was removed, and Wilfrid 2 put on the throne.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.2
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23
[Theodore 1].despatch of Chad 1 from Lastingham to be a bishop: The archbishop (Theodore 1) sent Chad 1 from the mynster at Lastingham to the Mercians, Middle Angles and those in Lindsey (Anonymi 1290) as bishop.: OEMart  27 (669)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of priest (1)

Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Arrest (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Assembly (1)

�thelred 2.instruction to Theodore 1 to call a witenagemot at Hatfield: The king [sc. �thelred 2] ordered Theodore 1 to call a meeting of all the witan (Anonymi 1322) at Hatfield.: ASC (E)  675 E (p. 37)

Assistance (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Baptism (1)

Theodore 1.alleged judgment about rebaptism: Theodore 1 allegedly made a decision about rebaptism, though Anonymous 907 questioned the accuracy of this claim.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.6

Battle (1)

Ecgfrith 4-�thelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and �thelred 2. �lfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)

Book circulating/making/reading/translating/writing (4)

Anonymous 907.compilation of his penitential: Anonymous 907 described the contents and reason for the composition of his book.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
Eoda 1 and Anonymous 907.composition of this penitential: Eoda 2 and Anonymous 907 had written [this material] after consultation with Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil.
Theodore 1.judgments derived from a little book of the Irish by Anonymous 908: Theodore 1 supported his judgments with material extracted from a little book of the Irish composed by Anonymous 908.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Burial (2)

Theodore 1-Beorhtwald 6.burial: Theodore 1 and Beorhtwald 6 were both buried in the church of St Peter and St Paul's, as there was no more room in the chapel where the other archbishops had been buried.: Bede.HE  ii.3
Theodore 1.burial: Theodore 1 was buried in the church of St Peter, in which the bodies of all the archbishops of Canterbury are interred.: Bede.HE  v.8 (690)

Campaigning (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Capture (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Challenge (1)

Wilfrid 2.appeal against judicial decision of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1: Wilfrid 2 challenged the judgment of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1, who refused to change their decision; he then declared he would appeal to the Apostolic See.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Charter confirmation (1)

S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)

Charter-witnessing (17)

S10 - Sw�fheard 1 granting land to �bbe 3: Sw�fheard 1, king of Kent, to �bbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 44 hides (manentes) in Sudaneie in Thanet, and 12 hides in Sturry, Kent: S10    (689)
S1166 - Cenfrith 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Cenfrith 2, comes Merciorum, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 10 hides (cassati) at Wootton Bassett, Wilts.: S1166    (680)
S1167 - �thelmod 1 granting land to Beorngyth 1, Folcburg 1 and their monastery: �thelmod 1 to Beorngyth 1, abbess, and to Folcburg 1, and their monastery; grant of 20 hides (manentes) by the river Cherwell: S1167    (680)
S1168 - Wigheard 3 granting land to Beorngyth 1: Wigheard 3 to Abbess Beorngyth 1; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Sl�pi (Islip, Oxon): S1168    (681)
S13 - Oswine 2 granting land to �bbe 3: Oswine 2, king of Kent, to �bbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 10 hides (manentes) in Sturry, Kent: S13    (690)
S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a    (680)
S1798 - Mildburg 1 and �thelheah 14 exchanging lands: �thelheah 14, abbot of Icheanog (? Iken, Suffolk), and to the nun Mildburg 1; grant of 97 manentes at Wimnicas (Much Wenlock, Salop), 12 hides by the river Monnow, at 5 hides at Marund, Herefords., and 30 hides in the district called Lydas (? Lyde, Herefords.). In return Mildburg 1 granted Abbot �thelheah 14 and Abbess Leubswith 1 [Liobsynde] 60 hides at Hampton, Salop..: S1798    (675 x 690)
S227 - Cenwealh 2 granting land to Beorhtwald 6: Cenwealh 2, king of Wessex, to Beorhtwald 6, abbot; grant of 1 hide (cassatus) and two small islands, with a fishery, at Meare, Somerset: S227    (670)
S233 - C�dwalla 1 granting land to Ecgbald 1: C�dwalla 1, king of the (West) Saxons, to Ecgbald 1, abbot, and his familia; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Hoo (ad Hebureahg insulam), Kent: S233    (687)
S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)
S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)
S7 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Hlothhere 1 to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury 1); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) in Stodmarsh, Kent: S7    (675)
S71 - �thelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: �thelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 15 hides (cassati) near Tetbury, Gloucs: S71    (681)
S72 - �thelred 2 granting land to St Peter's, Medeshamstede 1: �thelred 2, king, to St Peter's Minster, Medeshamstede 1; grant, appended to a bull of Pope Agatho 2, of land at Breedon on the Hill, Leics.; Hrepingas (? Repton, Derbys.); Cedenac; Swineshead, Lincs.; Heanbyrig; Lodeshale; Shifnal, Salop.; Costesford; Stretford (? Stretford, Salop.); Wattlesborough and Lizard, Salop.; �thelhuniglond (? in Kent); and Bardney, Lincs: S72    (680)
S73 - �thelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: �thelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot, and his successors; grant of 30 hides (cassati) west of the highway (Long Newnton, Wilts., cf S 1038) and 15 near Tetbury, Gloucs: S73    (681)
S8 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Beorhtwald 6 and minster: Hlothhere 1 to Abbot Beorhtwald 6 and his minster; grant of land at Westanae on the Isle of Thanet, and in Sturry, Kent: S8    (679)
S9 - Eadric 5 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Eadric 5, king of Kent, to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) near Stodmarsh, Kent: S9    (686)

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (4)

Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5
Finan 1.construction of church at Lindisfarne: Finan 1 constructed a church suitable for an episcopal see.: Bede.HE  iii.25
S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Commemoration of saint/calendar-entering (1)

Theodore 1.commemoration on 19 September: 13 Kalends of October [= 19 September]: ... of Bishop Theodore 1.: Willibrord.Cal  11

Commemoration of the dead (1)

Theodore 1.commemoration on 19 September: 13 Kalends of October [= 19 September]: ... of Bishop Theodore 1.: Willibrord.Cal  11

Confession (1)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Confirmation of land/privileges (4)

Agatho 2.letter to �thelred 2, Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1: Following �thelred 2's request, the Agatho 2 sent a privilege for the monastery of Medeshamstede (Peterborough): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-7 (680)
John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)
S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)
Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)

Confiscation (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Conquest (1)

�thelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: �thelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadh�d 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Conspiracy/intent to murder (1)

Wilfrid 2.plot to seize his property: Eormenburg 1 and Ecgfrith 4 conspired to suborn Theodore 1 in order to condemn Wilfrid 2 and seize property under his control by sending Theodore 1 gifts and inviting the latter to meet them.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Conversion (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Correspondence (6)

Cenwald 1.arrival in Rome: Cenwald 1, sent by Theodore 1 with letters from the latter, came to Rome.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)
Vitalian 1-Hadrian 2.correspondence: Vitalian 1 sent for Hadrian 2 and ordered him to accept the bishopric and go to Britain. Hadrian 2 answered that he was unworthy of such a rank and suggested a certain monk (Andrew 2) instead. The latter could not go because of his infirmities. Hadrian 2 then had to accept, but he also asked for a respite to see if he could find a man suitable to be consecrated bishop. He then proposed Theodore 1 to the pope.: Bede.HE  iv.1
Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: Vitalian 1 confirms to Theodore 1 the primacy of the church of Canterbury. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.33
Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with �thelred 2: Following a letter from Theodore 1, �thelred 2 was reconciled to Wilfrid 2 and returned many monasteries and estates to him.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (13)

Agatho 2.summoning of synod: Agatho 2 summoned a synod to hear the appeal of Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29 (679)
Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24
Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3
Synod at Hertford (673): In that year there was a synod at Hertford.: ASC  673 ACG, <673> B (673)
Theodore 1-Ecgfrith 4.synod: A synod of no small size was gathered together in the presence of Ecgfrith 4 in a place called Adtuuifyrdi, over which Theodore 1 presided. There Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of the church of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE  iv.28
Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
Theodore 1-others.council of Hatfield: Theodore 1 discovered that all his bishops were united in the catholic faith.: Bede.HE  iv.17-18, v.24 (680)
Theodore 1.council of Hertford: Theodore 1 summoned a council of bishops together with many teachers of the church. After Theodore 1's preliminary discourse, they all approved the book of canons laid down by the holy fathers at the Council of Chalcedon. Then Theodore 1 pointed out some specific chapters which deserved special attention. They drew up ten canons.: Bede.HE  iv.5, v.24 (672 x 673)
Theodore 1.presiding over synod at Hatfield: Here Theodore 1 presided over a synod at Hatfield.: ASC  680 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <680 B> (680)
Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Theodore 1.synod: Theodore 1 held a synod.: �thelweard.Chron  ii.Cap.
Theodore 1.synod at Hatfield: The synod of Theodore 1 was held in a place called Hatfield.: �thelweard.Chron  ii.8 (680)
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Death/dying (6)

Ecgfrith 4-�thelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and �thelred 2. �lfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)
Theodore 1.death: Theodore 1 rested.: AnnalsUlster  691.2 (690)
Theodore 1.hearing of the heresy at Constantinople: Archbishop Theodore 1 heard that Constantinople was greatly disturbed by heresy in the year in which �thelthryth 2 died.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.34 (679)
Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23
�lfwine 4.death: Exactly one year after the appeal of Wilfrid 2 against the judicial decision by Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1 was rejected by them the body of �lfwine 4 was carried into York to the grief of the people.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Decision-making (1)

Theodore 1.alleged judgment about rebaptism: Theodore 1 allegedly made a decision about rebaptism, though Anonymous 907 questioned the accuracy of this claim.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.6

Deposition of archbishop (1)

Wilfrid 2.elevation to the see of York: Wilfrid 2 was chosen to fill the see of York, and sent by King Aldfrith 1 [more likely by Ealhfrith 1], son of King Oswiu 1, to Gaul for consecration. While he dallied overseas, King Oswiu 1 foisted Chad 1 on the throne of York. Chad 1 was very holy, but his election was illegal. The wrong was set right when Theodore 1 was sent from the papal see to be archbishop of Canterbury: Chad 1 was removed, and Wilfrid 2 put on the throne.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.2

Deposition of bishop (8)

Chad 1.episcopal installation at Lichfield: After being deposed from York, Chad 1 was ordained through all the ecclesiastical degrees as bishop of Lichfield.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)
Theodore 1.consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated [Cuthbert 1] as bishop to Hexham in York on the first day of Easter because Trumberht 1 had been deposed.: ASC (E)  685 EF(OE and Lat.) (685)
Theodore 1.deposition of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 deposed Wynnfrith 1 because he was displeased by some act of disobedience.: Bede.HE  iv.6
Theodore 1.episcopal installation of Wilfrid 2 at York: Theodore 1 came from Kent and demanded that Chad 1 be deposed. He installed Wilfrid 2 as bishop in York. : Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
Wilfrid 2.ejection from York in a synod: Wilfrid 2's petition to Agatho 2, described how Theodore 1 had consecrated three bishops (Anonymi 331) in spite of Wilfrid 2 opposition.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  30
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Disobedience (1)

Theodore 1.deposition of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 deposed Wynnfrith 1 because he was displeased by some act of disobedience.: Bede.HE  iv.6

Ecclesiastical reform (1)

Theodore 1.council of Hertford: Theodore 1 summoned a council of bishops together with many teachers of the church. After Theodore 1's preliminary discourse, they all approved the book of canons laid down by the holy fathers at the Council of Chalcedon. Then Theodore 1 pointed out some specific chapters which deserved special attention. They drew up ten canons.: Bede.HE  iv.5, v.24 (672 x 673)

Education/teaching (1)

Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15

Election of bishop (2)

Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3
Theodore 1-Ecgfrith 4.synod: A synod of no small size was gathered together in the presence of Ecgfrith 4 in a place called Adtuuifyrdi, over which Theodore 1 presided. There Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of the church of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE  iv.28

Embassy (1)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Enquiry (1)

Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Episcopal see, acquisition/institution/division/merge (2)

S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a    (680)
Theodore 1.consecration of three bishops to see of Wilfrid 2 at York: In the absence of Wilfrid 2, Theodore 1 consecrated without precedent and irregularly on his own three bishops (Anonymi 331) to sections of Wilfrid 2's see.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Exile (1)

Wilfrid 2.banishment from kingdom of Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 banished Wilfrid 2, whom �thelred 2 then received. Wilfrid 2 then lived in the bishopric ruled by Seaxwulf 1 before his death.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  45

Expulsion (5)

Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)
Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
Wilfrid 2.banishment from kingdom of Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 banished Wilfrid 2, whom �thelred 2 then received. Wilfrid 2 then lived in the bishopric ruled by Seaxwulf 1 before his death.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  45

Flight (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Freeing captives (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Freeing from dues (1)

John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)

Friendship-making (2)

John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Governing (1)

Theodore 1.presiding over synod at Hatfield: Here Theodore 1 presided over a synod at Hatfield.: ASC  680 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <680 B> (680)

Grant and Gift (23)

Beorhtwald 4.grant to Aldhelm 3: Beorhtwald 4 gave Aldhelm 3 and the monastery of Malmesbury a gift of land to the east of the river Thames, near the ford called Somerford, fourteen hides.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  v.203-204 (685)
Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5
Ecgfrith 4.granting gifts to Theodore 1: gifts: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
Eormenburg 1.granting gifts to Theodore 1: gifts: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15
S10 - Sw�fheard 1 granting land to �bbe 3: Sw�fheard 1, king of Kent, to �bbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 44 hides (manentes) in Sudaneie in Thanet, and 12 hides in Sturry, Kent: S10    (689)
S1166 - Cenfrith 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Cenfrith 2, comes Merciorum, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 10 hides (cassati) at Wootton Bassett, Wilts.: S1166    (680)
S1167 - �thelmod 1 granting land to Beorngyth 1, Folcburg 1 and their monastery: �thelmod 1 to Beorngyth 1, abbess, and to Folcburg 1, and their monastery; grant of 20 hides (manentes) by the river Cherwell: S1167    (680)
S1168 - Wigheard 3 granting land to Beorngyth 1: Wigheard 3 to Abbess Beorngyth 1; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Sl�pi (Islip, Oxon): S1168    (681)
S13 - Oswine 2 granting land to �bbe 3: Oswine 2, king of Kent, to �bbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 10 hides (manentes) in Sturry, Kent: S13    (690)
S1798 - Mildburg 1 and �thelheah 14 exchanging lands: �thelheah 14, abbot of Icheanog (? Iken, Suffolk), and to the nun Mildburg 1; grant of 97 manentes at Wimnicas (Much Wenlock, Salop), 12 hides by the river Monnow, at 5 hides at Marund, Herefords., and 30 hides in the district called Lydas (? Lyde, Herefords.). In return Mildburg 1 granted Abbot �thelheah 14 and Abbess Leubswith 1 [Liobsynde] 60 hides at Hampton, Salop..: S1798    (675 x 690)
S227 - Cenwealh 2 granting land to Beorhtwald 6: Cenwealh 2, king of Wessex, to Beorhtwald 6, abbot; grant of 1 hide (cassatus) and two small islands, with a fishery, at Meare, Somerset: S227    (670)
S233 - C�dwalla 1 granting land to Ecgbald 1: C�dwalla 1, king of the (West) Saxons, to Ecgbald 1, abbot, and his familia; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Hoo (ad Hebureahg insulam), Kent: S233    (687)
S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)
S7 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Hlothhere 1 to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury 1); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) in Stodmarsh, Kent: S7    (675)
S71 - �thelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: �thelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 15 hides (cassati) near Tetbury, Gloucs: S71    (681)
S72 - �thelred 2 granting land to St Peter's, Medeshamstede 1: �thelred 2, king, to St Peter's Minster, Medeshamstede 1; grant, appended to a bull of Pope Agatho 2, of land at Breedon on the Hill, Leics.; Hrepingas (? Repton, Derbys.); Cedenac; Swineshead, Lincs.; Heanbyrig; Lodeshale; Shifnal, Salop.; Costesford; Stretford (? Stretford, Salop.); Wattlesborough and Lizard, Salop.; �thelhuniglond (? in Kent); and Bardney, Lincs: S72    (680)
S73 - �thelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: �thelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot, and his successors; grant of 30 hides (cassati) west of the highway (Long Newnton, Wilts., cf S 1038) and 15 near Tetbury, Gloucs: S73    (681)
S8 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Beorhtwald 6 and minster: Hlothhere 1 to Abbot Beorhtwald 6 and his minster; grant of land at Westanae on the Isle of Thanet, and in Sturry, Kent: S8    (679)
S9 - Eadric 5 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Eadric 5, king of Kent, to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) near Stodmarsh, Kent: S9    (686)
Theodore 1.granting St Peter's, Canterbury to Hadrian 2: Theodore 1 granted the monastery of St Peter in Canterbury to Hadrian 2.: Bede.HE  iv.1
Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Healing (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Heresy-allegations/condemnations (2)

Theodore 1.hearing of the heresy at Constantinople: Archbishop Theodore 1 heard that Constantinople was greatly disturbed by heresy in the year in which �thelthryth 2 died.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.34 (679)
Theodore 1.judgment about the ordination of those guilty of heresy: Theodore 1 gave his judgment about the ordination of those formerly guilty of heresy.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.2

Horse-using/giving/acquisition/riding (1)

Theodore 1.ordering Chad 1 to ride: Theodore 1 ordered Chad 1 to ride whenever he was faced with too long a journey.: Bede.HE  iv.3

Hospitality (1)

Theodore 1.journey to Paris: Theodore 1 went to Agilbert 1, who kindly received him.: Bede.HE  iv.1

Hostility (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Illness/demonic seizure/madness (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Imprisonment (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Invasion (1)

Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For �thelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8

Journey (14)

Biscop 2.chosen by Vitalian 1: Vitalian 1 orders Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 back to King Ecgberht 3.: Bede.HistAb  3
Biscop 2.first return from Rome: The Pope [Vitalian 1] ordered Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 to Britain.: Bede.Homilies  I.13 (p.91)
Cenwald 1.arrival in Rome: Cenwald 1, sent by Theodore 1 with letters from the latter, came to Rome.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15
R�dfrith 1.journey to kingdom of Franks: When Ecgberht 3 heard that Theodore 1 was in the kingdom of the Franks, he sent R�dfrith 1 to bring him to England.: Bede.HE  iv.1
Theodore 1-Hadrian 2.journey to Britain: They came by sea to Marseilles and then by land to Arles and handed to John 15 the commendatory letters of Vitalian 1. They were kept by John 15 until Ebroin 1 gave them leave to go.: Bede.HE  iv.1 (668 - ?)
Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
Theodore 1.arrival in England: Theodore 1 came to the English church in the second year after his consecration.: Bede.HE  iv.2 (669)
Theodore 1.journey to Paris: Theodore 1 went to Agilbert 1, who kindly received him.: Bede.HE  iv.1
Theodore 1.returning to Kent with entourage: Guided by Biscop 2, Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 arrived in Kent where he was very favourably received and enthroned as archbishop.: Bede.HistAb  3
Vitalian 1.despatch of Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Bede.ChronMaior  527.554
Vitalian 1.despatch of Theodore 1 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 to Britain.: ASC (E)  668 EF(OE and Lat.) (668)
Vitalian 1.sending Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain.: Bede.HistAb  3
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Judicial decision/review (9)

Theodore 1.alleged judgment about rebaptism: Theodore 1 allegedly made a decision about rebaptism, though Anonymous 907 questioned the accuracy of this claim.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.6
Theodore 1.judgment about the ordination of those guilty of heresy: Theodore 1 gave his judgment about the ordination of those formerly guilty of heresy.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.2
Theodore 1.judgments about equivalent penalties: Theodore 1 determined various equivalences [for penances].: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.vii.5
Theodore 1.judgments derived from a little book of the Irish by Anonymous 908: Theodore 1 supported his judgments with material extracted from a little book of the Irish composed by Anonymous 908.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
Theodore 1.judgments made in response to questions from Eoda 1: The greater part of these [judgments] were received by Eoda 2 from Theodore 1 in response to his questions.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
Wilfrid 2.appeal against judicial decision of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1: Wilfrid 2 challenged the judgment of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1, who refused to change their decision; he then declared he would appeal to the Apostolic See.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
�lfwine 4.death: Exactly one year after the appeal of Wilfrid 2 against the judicial decision by Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1 was rejected by them the body of �lfwine 4 was carried into York to the grief of the people.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Killing/murder (2)

Ecgfrith 4-�thelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and �thelred 2. �lfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Lease (1)

S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)

Meeting (1)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Message-sending (3)

Cenwald 1.arrival in Rome: Cenwald 1, sent by Theodore 1 with letters from the latter, came to Rome.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Miracle (2)

Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Mission/mission-sending (7)

Theodore 1.archiepiscopal elevation: Theodore 1 was ordained in Rome given the pallium, and then sent on to Britain.: Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173
Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
Vitalian 1.despatch of Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Bede.ChronMaior  527.554
Vitalian 1.despatch of Theodore 1 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 to Britain.: ASC (E)  668 EF(OE and Lat.) (668)
Vitalian 1.sending Thedore to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 to Britain: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77
Vitalian 1.sending Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain.: Bede.HistAb  3
Vitalian 1.sending Theodore and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain. They made very many of the churches of the English fruitful with the doctrine of the church.: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5

Monastic life, converting to/joining/oblation (3)

Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15
Theodore 1.appointing Seaxburg 1 as abbess: Seaxburg 1 received the veil from Archbishop Theodore 1 in the church of Sheppey.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.36
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Oath-swearing/fealty (1)

Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3

Ordering (3)

Biscop 2.chosen by Vitalian 1: Vitalian 1 orders Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 back to King Ecgberht 3.: Bede.HistAb  3
Theodore 1.episcopal installation of Wilfrid 2 at York: Theodore 1 came from Kent and demanded that Chad 1 be deposed. He installed Wilfrid 2 as bishop in York. : Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Theodore 1.ordering Chad 1 to ride: Theodore 1 ordered Chad 1 to ride whenever he was faced with too long a journey.: Bede.HE  iv.3

Pallium-despatch/receipt/request (2)

Theodore 1.archiepiscopal elevation: Theodore 1 was ordained in Rome given the pallium, and then sent on to Britain.: Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173
Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (7)

Agatho 2.letter to �thelred 2, Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1: Following �thelred 2's request, the Agatho 2 sent a privilege for the monastery of Medeshamstede (Peterborough): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-7 (680)
Biscop 2.first return from Rome: The Pope [Vitalian 1] ordered Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 to Britain.: Bede.Homilies  I.13 (p.91)
S72 - �thelred 2 granting land to St Peter's, Medeshamstede 1: �thelred 2, king, to St Peter's Minster, Medeshamstede 1; grant, appended to a bull of Pope Agatho 2, of land at Breedon on the Hill, Leics.; Hrepingas (? Repton, Derbys.); Cedenac; Swineshead, Lincs.; Heanbyrig; Lodeshale; Shifnal, Salop.; Costesford; Stretford (? Stretford, Salop.); Wattlesborough and Lizard, Salop.; �thelhuniglond (? in Kent); and Bardney, Lincs: S72    (680)
Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
Wilfrid 2.appeal to Agatho 2 in a papal synod: Wilfrid 2 presented a documentary appeal to the pope (Agatho 2), which was examined by ecclesiasts in a papal synod.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29-33

Pastoral activities/preaching (3)

Anonymi 2406.visits to Theodore 1: Both men and women (Anonymi 2406) flocked to see Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2. teaching of ecclesiastical matters: Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 engaged in ecclesiastical teaching to the very many of the churches of the English.: Bede.ChronMaior  527.554
Vitalian 1.sending Theodore and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain. They made very many of the churches of the English fruitful with the doctrine of the church.: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5

Peace agreement (2)

Ecgfrith 4-�thelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and �thelred 2. �lfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)
Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Penance (2)

Theodore 1.judgments about equivalent penalties: Theodore 1 determined various equivalences [for penances].: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.vii.5
Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Praying (1)

Theodore 1.request that H�dde 2 pray for him: Theodore 1 asked H�dde 2 for his prayers.: Theodore.Carm  1.6

Property-exchanging (1)

S1798 - Mildburg 1 and �thelheah 14 exchanging lands: �thelheah 14, abbot of Icheanog (? Iken, Suffolk), and to the nun Mildburg 1; grant of 97 manentes at Wimnicas (Much Wenlock, Salop), 12 hides by the river Monnow, at 5 hides at Marund, Herefords., and 30 hides in the district called Lydas (? Lyde, Herefords.). In return Mildburg 1 granted Abbot �thelheah 14 and Abbess Leubswith 1 [Liobsynde] 60 hides at Hampton, Salop..: S1798    (675 x 690)

Raiding (1)

Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For �thelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8

Reconciliation (1)

Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with �thelred 2: Following a letter from Theodore 1, �thelred 2 was reconciled to Wilfrid 2 and returned many monasteries and estates to him.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Relics-collecting/depositing/granting (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Reporting (3)

Bede 1.report of what he heard from Anonymi 425 concerning a scriptural interpretation of Theodore 1: The author [Bede 1] reported what certain persons (Anonymi 425) affirmed that Theodore 1 had explained.: Bede.OpusQuaest  96-8
Theodore 1.hearing of the heresy at Constantinople: Archbishop Theodore 1 heard that Constantinople was greatly disturbed by heresy in the year in which �thelthryth 2 died.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.34 (679)
Wilfrid 2.ejection from York in a synod: Wilfrid 2's petition to Agatho 2, described how Theodore 1 had consecrated three bishops (Anonymi 331) in spite of Wilfrid 2 opposition.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  30

Request (7)

Agatho 2.letter to �thelred 2, Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1: Following �thelred 2's request, the Agatho 2 sent a privilege for the monastery of Medeshamstede (Peterborough): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-7 (680)
Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of Lindisfarne at the request of Ecgfrith 4 and the bishops of the Saxons and all the council.: Anon.VitCuthberti  iv.1
R�dfrith 1.journey to kingdom of Franks: When Ecgberht 3 heard that Theodore 1 was in the kingdom of the Franks, he sent R�dfrith 1 to bring him to England.: Bede.HE  iv.1
Theodore 1.request that H�dde 2 pray for him: Theodore 1 asked H�dde 2 for his prayers.: Theodore.Carm  1.6
Vitalian 1-Hadrian 2.correspondence: Vitalian 1 sent for Hadrian 2 and ordered him to accept the bishopric and go to Britain. Hadrian 2 answered that he was unworthy of such a rank and suggested a certain monk (Andrew 2) instead. The latter could not go because of his infirmities. Hadrian 2 then had to accept, but he also asked for a respite to see if he could find a man suitable to be consecrated bishop. He then proposed Theodore 1 to the pope.: Bede.HE  iv.1
Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)
Wulfhere 1.asking Oswiu 1 for Bishop Chad 1: Wulfhere 1 asked Oswiu 1 to give the Mercians Chad 1.: Bede.HE  iv.3

Residence (2)

Theodore 1-Hadrian 2.journey to Britain: They came by sea to Marseilles and then by land to Arles and handed to John 15 the commendatory letters of Vitalian 1. They were kept by John 15 until Ebroin 1 gave them leave to go.: Bede.HE  iv.1 (668 - ?)
Wilfrid 2.banishment from kingdom of Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 banished Wilfrid 2, whom �thelred 2 then received. Wilfrid 2 then lived in the bishopric ruled by Seaxwulf 1 before his death.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  45

Resigning of episcopal office (1)

Theodore 1.appointment of Gebmund 1: Gebmund 1 was appointed when Cwichelm 2 left the bishopric of Rochester for lack of means.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Restoration of land/property (2)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 invited Wilfrid 2 to him from exile and restored Hexham and subsequently York and Ripon to him.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43-44

Restoration to bishopric (4)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23
�thelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: �thelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadh�d 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Restoration to office (1)

�thelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: �thelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadh�d 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Retirement (2)

Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For �thelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

School-founding (1)

Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5

Submission (1)

Biscop 2.surrending his abbacy: Biscop 2 spent most of his life abroad on business. He therefore gladly yielded control of St Augustine's Canterbury to Hadrian 2 on his arrival, although King Ecgberht 3 had appointed him abbot there. Biscop 2 did so out of respect for his superior, Archbishop Theodore 1.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iv.186.9

Treaty (1)

Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Visit (1)

Anonymi 2406.visits to Theodore 1: Both men and women (Anonymi 2406) flocked to see Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

War (1)

�thelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: �thelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadh�d 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (14)

Education (4)
Albinus 2: educated in the Kentish Church by Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2: Bede.HE  Preface
Oftfor 1: He went to Kent to join Archbishop Theodore 1. He spent some time in sacred studies there.: Bede.HE  iv.23
Aldhelm 3: He was a student of Archbishop Theodore 1: S230
Anonymi 2003: with grammatical knowledge: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Authorship (2)
Vitalian 1: Author of a letter to Theodore 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24
Agatho 2: Author of a letter to Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1 (Letter): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-9

Office (2)
Bishop of Theodore 1 (2)

Eorcenwald 1: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.73.10
Bisi 1: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.74.3

Occupation (2)
Clergy of Theodore 1 (1)

Anonymous 908: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Pupil of Theodore 1 (1)

Anonymi 2003: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Status (3)
Comes of Theodore 1 (2)

Anonymi 712: Bede.HistAb  3
Hadrian 2: S72

Companion of Theodore 1 (1)

Hadrian 2: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Event (1)
Absolution (1)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Accusation (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Advice/counsel (2)

Eoda 1 and Anonymous 907.composition of this penitential: Eoda 2 and Anonymous 907 had written [this material] after consultation with Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil.
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Appointment - ecclesiastical (3)

Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5
Theodore 1.judgment about the ordination of those guilty of heresy: Theodore 1 gave his judgment about the ordination of those formerly guilty of heresy.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.2
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (3)

Biscop 2.surrending his abbacy: Biscop 2 spent most of his life abroad on business. He therefore gladly yielded control of St Augustine's Canterbury to Hadrian 2 on his arrival, although King Ecgberht 3 had appointed him abbot there. Biscop 2 did so out of respect for his superior, Archbishop Theodore 1.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iv.186.9
Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5
Theodore 1.appointing Seaxburg 1 as abbess: Seaxburg 1 received the veil from Archbishop Theodore 1 in the church of Sheppey.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.36

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (5)

Beorhtwald 6.succession: Theodore 1 was succeeded by Beorhtwald 6, for thirty-seven years, and he by Tatwine 2.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.2.1
Theodore 1.archiepiscopal elevation: Theodore 1 was ordained in Rome given the pallium, and then sent on to Britain.: Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173
Theodore 1.consecration: Vitalian 1 consecrates Theodore 1 archbishop of Britain.: Bede.HistAb
Theodore 1.ordination as archbishop: Here Theodore 1 was ordained to the archiepiscopacy.: ASC  668 ACG, <668> B (668)
Theodore 1.returning to Kent with entourage: Guided by Biscop 2, Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 arrived in Kent where he was very favourably received and enthroned as archbishop.: Bede.HistAb  3

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (28)

Chad 1.episcopal installation at Lichfield: After being deposed from York, Chad 1 was ordained through all the ecclesiastical degrees as bishop of Lichfield.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)
Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24
Cuthbert 1.episcopal consecration: Seven bishops (Theodore 1 and Anonymi 679) participated to the consecration, which took place in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.HE  iv.28
Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3
Leuthhere 2.episcopal consecration: Leuthhere 2, nephew of Agilbert 1, was consecrated bishop of the West Saxons by Theodore 1. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.75.9
Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For �thelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8
Theodore 1.appointment of Gebmund 1: Gebmund 1 was appointed when Cwichelm 2 left the bishopric of Rochester for lack of means.: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.appointment of Tunberht 1-Trumwine 1: Theodore 1 appointed Tunberht 1 to the church of Hexham and Trumwine 1 as bishop of the kingdom of the Picts: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.consecartion of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 consecrated Wynnfrith 1 as bishop of the Mercians, Middle Angles and Lindsey.: Bede.HE  iv.3
Theodore 1.consecration of Bisi 1: Bisi 1 was made bishop in Beorhtgils 1's place, when the latter died.: Bede.HE  iv.5
Theodore 1.consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated [Cuthbert 1] as bishop to Hexham in York on the first day of Easter because Trumberht 1 had been deposed.: ASC (E)  685 EF(OE and Lat.) (685)
Theodore 1.consecration of Cwichelm 2: Theodore 1 consecrated Cwichelm 2.: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.consecration of Eadh�d 1-Bosa 1-Eata 2: Eadh�d 1, Bosa 1 and Eata 2 were consecrated by Theodore 1.: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.consecration of H�dde 2: Theodore 1 consecrated H�dde 2 in London: Bede.HE  iv.12
Theodore 1.consecration of Leuthhere 2 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated Leuthhere 2 [F(Lat.) adds: over the East Saxons].: ASC  670 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <670> B (670)
Theodore 1.consecration of Putta: Theodore 1 consecrated Putta 1 as bishop of Rochester.: Bede.HE  iv.2
Theodore 1.consecration of Seaxwulf 1: Theodore 1 consecrated Seaxwulf 1 as bishop of the Mercians in place of Wynnfrith 1, whom he had deposed.: Bede.HE  iv.6
Theodore 1.consecration of three bishops to see of Wilfrid 2 at York: In the absence of Wilfrid 2, Theodore 1 consecrated without precedent and irregularly on his own three bishops (Anonymi 331) to sections of Wilfrid 2's see.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
Theodore 1.episcopal appointment of Eorcenwald 1: Theodore 1 appointed Eorcenwald 1 bishop in London, for the East Saxons.: Bede.HE  iv.6 (675)
Theodore 1.episcopal consecration: Theodore 1 was consecrated by Vitalian 1.: Bede.HE  iv.1, v.24 (668)
Theodore 1.episcopal installation of Wilfrid 2 at York: Theodore 1 came from Kent and demanded that Chad 1 be deposed. He installed Wilfrid 2 as bishop in York. : Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Theodore 1.second consecration of Chad 1: Theodore 1 made it clear to Chad 1 that his consecration had not been regular.: Bede.HE  iv.2
Wilfrid 2.elevation to the see of York: Wilfrid 2 was chosen to fill the see of York, and sent by King Aldfrith 1 [more likely by Ealhfrith 1], son of King Oswiu 1, to Gaul for consecration. While he dallied overseas, King Oswiu 1 foisted Chad 1 on the throne of York. Chad 1 was very holy, but his election was illegal. The wrong was set right when Theodore 1 was sent from the papal see to be archbishop of Canterbury: Chad 1 was removed, and Wilfrid 2 put on the throne.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.2
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23
[Theodore 1].despatch of Chad 1 from Lastingham to be a bishop: The archbishop (Theodore 1) sent Chad 1 from the mynster at Lastingham to the Mercians, Middle Angles and those in Lindsey (Anonymi 1290) as bishop.: OEMart  27 (669)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of priest (1)

Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Arrest (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Assembly (1)

�thelred 2.instruction to Theodore 1 to call a witenagemot at Hatfield: The king [sc. �thelred 2] ordered Theodore 1 to call a meeting of all the witan (Anonymi 1322) at Hatfield.: ASC (E)  675 E (p. 37)

Assistance (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Baptism (1)

Theodore 1.alleged judgment about rebaptism: Theodore 1 allegedly made a decision about rebaptism, though Anonymous 907 questioned the accuracy of this claim.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.6

Battle (1)

Ecgfrith 4-�thelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and �thelred 2. �lfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)

Book circulating/making/reading/translating/writing (4)

Anonymous 907.compilation of his penitential: Anonymous 907 described the contents and reason for the composition of his book.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
Eoda 1 and Anonymous 907.composition of this penitential: Eoda 2 and Anonymous 907 had written [this material] after consultation with Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil.
Theodore 1.judgments derived from a little book of the Irish by Anonymous 908: Theodore 1 supported his judgments with material extracted from a little book of the Irish composed by Anonymous 908.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Burial (2)

Theodore 1-Beorhtwald 6.burial: Theodore 1 and Beorhtwald 6 were both buried in the church of St Peter and St Paul's, as there was no more room in the chapel where the other archbishops had been buried.: Bede.HE  ii.3
Theodore 1.burial: Theodore 1 was buried in the church of St Peter, in which the bodies of all the archbishops of Canterbury are interred.: Bede.HE  v.8 (690)

Campaigning (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Capture (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Challenge (1)

Wilfrid 2.appeal against judicial decision of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1: Wilfrid 2 challenged the judgment of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1, who refused to change their decision; he then declared he would appeal to the Apostolic See.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Charter confirmation (1)

S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)

Charter-witnessing (17)

S10 - Sw�fheard 1 granting land to �bbe 3: Sw�fheard 1, king of Kent, to �bbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 44 hides (manentes) in Sudaneie in Thanet, and 12 hides in Sturry, Kent: S10    (689)
S1166 - Cenfrith 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Cenfrith 2, comes Merciorum, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 10 hides (cassati) at Wootton Bassett, Wilts.: S1166    (680)
S1167 - �thelmod 1 granting land to Beorngyth 1, Folcburg 1 and their monastery: �thelmod 1 to Beorngyth 1, abbess, and to Folcburg 1, and their monastery; grant of 20 hides (manentes) by the river Cherwell: S1167    (680)
S1168 - Wigheard 3 granting land to Beorngyth 1: Wigheard 3 to Abbess Beorngyth 1; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Sl�pi (Islip, Oxon): S1168    (681)
S13 - Oswine 2 granting land to �bbe 3: Oswine 2, king of Kent, to �bbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 10 hides (manentes) in Sturry, Kent: S13    (690)
S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a    (680)
S1798 - Mildburg 1 and �thelheah 14 exchanging lands: �thelheah 14, abbot of Icheanog (? Iken, Suffolk), and to the nun Mildburg 1; grant of 97 manentes at Wimnicas (Much Wenlock, Salop), 12 hides by the river Monnow, at 5 hides at Marund, Herefords., and 30 hides in the district called Lydas (? Lyde, Herefords.). In return Mildburg 1 granted Abbot �thelheah 14 and Abbess Leubswith 1 [Liobsynde] 60 hides at Hampton, Salop..: S1798    (675 x 690)
S227 - Cenwealh 2 granting land to Beorhtwald 6: Cenwealh 2, king of Wessex, to Beorhtwald 6, abbot; grant of 1 hide (cassatus) and two small islands, with a fishery, at Meare, Somerset: S227    (670)
S233 - C�dwalla 1 granting land to Ecgbald 1: C�dwalla 1, king of the (West) Saxons, to Ecgbald 1, abbot, and his familia; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Hoo (ad Hebureahg insulam), Kent: S233    (687)
S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)
S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)
S7 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Hlothhere 1 to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury 1); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) in Stodmarsh, Kent: S7    (675)
S71 - �thelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: �thelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 15 hides (cassati) near Tetbury, Gloucs: S71    (681)
S72 - �thelred 2 granting land to St Peter's, Medeshamstede 1: �thelred 2, king, to St Peter's Minster, Medeshamstede 1; grant, appended to a bull of Pope Agatho 2, of land at Breedon on the Hill, Leics.; Hrepingas (? Repton, Derbys.); Cedenac; Swineshead, Lincs.; Heanbyrig; Lodeshale; Shifnal, Salop.; Costesford; Stretford (? Stretford, Salop.); Wattlesborough and Lizard, Salop.; �thelhuniglond (? in Kent); and Bardney, Lincs: S72    (680)
S73 - �thelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: �thelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot, and his successors; grant of 30 hides (cassati) west of the highway (Long Newnton, Wilts., cf S 1038) and 15 near Tetbury, Gloucs: S73    (681)
S8 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Beorhtwald 6 and minster: Hlothhere 1 to Abbot Beorhtwald 6 and his minster; grant of land at Westanae on the Isle of Thanet, and in Sturry, Kent: S8    (679)
S9 - Eadric 5 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Eadric 5, king of Kent, to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) near Stodmarsh, Kent: S9    (686)

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (4)

Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5
Finan 1.construction of church at Lindisfarne: Finan 1 constructed a church suitable for an episcopal see.: Bede.HE  iii.25
S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Commemoration of saint/calendar-entering (1)

Theodore 1.commemoration on 19 September: 13 Kalends of October [= 19 September]: ... of Bishop Theodore 1.: Willibrord.Cal  11

Commemoration of the dead (1)

Theodore 1.commemoration on 19 September: 13 Kalends of October [= 19 September]: ... of Bishop Theodore 1.: Willibrord.Cal  11

Confession (1)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Confirmation of land/privileges (4)

Agatho 2.letter to �thelred 2, Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1: Following �thelred 2's request, the Agatho 2 sent a privilege for the monastery of Medeshamstede (Peterborough): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-7 (680)
John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)
S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)
Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)

Confiscation (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Conquest (1)

�thelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: �thelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadh�d 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Conspiracy/intent to murder (1)

Wilfrid 2.plot to seize his property: Eormenburg 1 and Ecgfrith 4 conspired to suborn Theodore 1 in order to condemn Wilfrid 2 and seize property under his control by sending Theodore 1 gifts and inviting the latter to meet them.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Conversion (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Correspondence (6)

Cenwald 1.arrival in Rome: Cenwald 1, sent by Theodore 1 with letters from the latter, came to Rome.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)
Vitalian 1-Hadrian 2.correspondence: Vitalian 1 sent for Hadrian 2 and ordered him to accept the bishopric and go to Britain. Hadrian 2 answered that he was unworthy of such a rank and suggested a certain monk (Andrew 2) instead. The latter could not go because of his infirmities. Hadrian 2 then had to accept, but he also asked for a respite to see if he could find a man suitable to be consecrated bishop. He then proposed Theodore 1 to the pope.: Bede.HE  iv.1
Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: Vitalian 1 confirms to Theodore 1 the primacy of the church of Canterbury. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.33
Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with �thelred 2: Following a letter from Theodore 1, �thelred 2 was reconciled to Wilfrid 2 and returned many monasteries and estates to him.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (13)

Agatho 2.summoning of synod: Agatho 2 summoned a synod to hear the appeal of Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29 (679)
Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24
Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3
Synod at Hertford (673): In that year there was a synod at Hertford.: ASC  673 ACG, <673> B (673)
Theodore 1-Ecgfrith 4.synod: A synod of no small size was gathered together in the presence of Ecgfrith 4 in a place called Adtuuifyrdi, over which Theodore 1 presided. There Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of the church of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE  iv.28
Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
Theodore 1-others.council of Hatfield: Theodore 1 discovered that all his bishops were united in the catholic faith.: Bede.HE  iv.17-18, v.24 (680)
Theodore 1.council of Hertford: Theodore 1 summoned a council of bishops together with many teachers of the church. After Theodore 1's preliminary discourse, they all approved the book of canons laid down by the holy fathers at the Council of Chalcedon. Then Theodore 1 pointed out some specific chapters which deserved special attention. They drew up ten canons.: Bede.HE  iv.5, v.24 (672 x 673)
Theodore 1.presiding over synod at Hatfield: Here Theodore 1 presided over a synod at Hatfield.: ASC  680 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <680 B> (680)
Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Theodore 1.synod: Theodore 1 held a synod.: �thelweard.Chron  ii.Cap.
Theodore 1.synod at Hatfield: The synod of Theodore 1 was held in a place called Hatfield.: �thelweard.Chron  ii.8 (680)
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Death/dying (6)

Ecgfrith 4-�thelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and �thelred 2. �lfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)
Theodore 1.death: Theodore 1 rested.: AnnalsUlster  691.2 (690)
Theodore 1.hearing of the heresy at Constantinople: Archbishop Theodore 1 heard that Constantinople was greatly disturbed by heresy in the year in which �thelthryth 2 died.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.34 (679)
Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23
�lfwine 4.death: Exactly one year after the appeal of Wilfrid 2 against the judicial decision by Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1 was rejected by them the body of �lfwine 4 was carried into York to the grief of the people.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Decision-making (1)

Theodore 1.alleged judgment about rebaptism: Theodore 1 allegedly made a decision about rebaptism, though Anonymous 907 questioned the accuracy of this claim.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.6

Deposition of archbishop (1)

Wilfrid 2.elevation to the see of York: Wilfrid 2 was chosen to fill the see of York, and sent by King Aldfrith 1 [more likely by Ealhfrith 1], son of King Oswiu 1, to Gaul for consecration. While he dallied overseas, King Oswiu 1 foisted Chad 1 on the throne of York. Chad 1 was very holy, but his election was illegal. The wrong was set right when Theodore 1 was sent from the papal see to be archbishop of Canterbury: Chad 1 was removed, and Wilfrid 2 put on the throne.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.2

Deposition of bishop (8)

Chad 1.episcopal installation at Lichfield: After being deposed from York, Chad 1 was ordained through all the ecclesiastical degrees as bishop of Lichfield.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)
Theodore 1.consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated [Cuthbert 1] as bishop to Hexham in York on the first day of Easter because Trumberht 1 had been deposed.: ASC (E)  685 EF(OE and Lat.) (685)
Theodore 1.deposition of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 deposed Wynnfrith 1 because he was displeased by some act of disobedience.: Bede.HE  iv.6
Theodore 1.episcopal installation of Wilfrid 2 at York: Theodore 1 came from Kent and demanded that Chad 1 be deposed. He installed Wilfrid 2 as bishop in York. : Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
Wilfrid 2.ejection from York in a synod: Wilfrid 2's petition to Agatho 2, described how Theodore 1 had consecrated three bishops (Anonymi 331) in spite of Wilfrid 2 opposition.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  30
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Disobedience (1)

Theodore 1.deposition of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 deposed Wynnfrith 1 because he was displeased by some act of disobedience.: Bede.HE  iv.6

Ecclesiastical reform (1)

Theodore 1.council of Hertford: Theodore 1 summoned a council of bishops together with many teachers of the church. After Theodore 1's preliminary discourse, they all approved the book of canons laid down by the holy fathers at the Council of Chalcedon. Then Theodore 1 pointed out some specific chapters which deserved special attention. They drew up ten canons.: Bede.HE  iv.5, v.24 (672 x 673)

Education/teaching (1)

Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15

Election of bishop (2)

Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3
Theodore 1-Ecgfrith 4.synod: A synod of no small size was gathered together in the presence of Ecgfrith 4 in a place called Adtuuifyrdi, over which Theodore 1 presided. There Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of the church of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE  iv.28

Embassy (1)

Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Enquiry (1)

Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Episcopal see, acquisition/institution/division/merge (2)

S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a    (680)
Theodore 1.consecration of three bishops to see of Wilfrid 2 at York: In the absence of Wilfrid 2, Theodore 1 consecrated without precedent and irregularly on his own three bishops (Anonymi 331) to sections of Wilfrid 2's see.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Exile (1)

Wilfrid 2.banishment from kingdom of Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 banished Wilfrid 2, whom �thelred 2 then received. Wilfrid 2 then lived in the bishopric ruled by Seaxwulf 1 before his death.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  45

Expulsion (5)

Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)
Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
Wilfrid 2.banishment from kingdom of Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 banished Wilfrid 2, whom �thelred 2 then received. Wilfrid 2 then lived in the bishopric ruled by Seaxwulf 1 before his death.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  45

Flight (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Freeing captives (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Freeing from dues (1)

John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)

Friendship-making (2)

John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)
Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Governing (1)

Theodore 1.presiding over synod at Hatfield: Here Theodore 1 presided over a synod at Hatfield.: ASC  680 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <680 B> (680)

Grant and Gift (23)

Beorhtwald 4.grant to Aldhelm 3: Beorhtwald 4 gave Aldhelm 3 and the monastery of Malmesbury a gift of land to the east of the river Thames, near the ford called Somerford, fourteen hides.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  v.203-204 (685)
Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5
Ecgfrith 4.granting gifts to Theodore 1: gifts: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
Eormenburg 1.granting gifts to Theodore 1: gifts: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15
S10 - Sw�fheard 1 granting land to �bbe 3: Sw�fheard 1, king of Kent, to �bbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 44 hides (manentes) in Sudaneie in Thanet, and 12 hides in Sturry, Kent: S10    (689)
S1166 - Cenfrith 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Cenfrith 2, comes Merciorum, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 10 hides (cassati) at Wootton Bassett, Wilts.: S1166    (680)
S1167 - �thelmod 1 granting land to Beorngyth 1, Folcburg 1 and their monastery: �thelmod 1 to Beorngyth 1, abbess, and to Folcburg 1, and their monastery; grant of 20 hides (manentes) by the river Cherwell: S1167    (680)
S1168 - Wigheard 3 granting land to Beorngyth 1: Wigheard 3 to Abbess Beorngyth 1; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Sl�pi (Islip, Oxon): S1168    (681)
S13 - Oswine 2 granting land to �bbe 3: Oswine 2, king of Kent, to �bbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 10 hides (manentes) in Sturry, Kent: S13    (690)
S1798 - Mildburg 1 and �thelheah 14 exchanging lands: �thelheah 14, abbot of Icheanog (? Iken, Suffolk), and to the nun Mildburg 1; grant of 97 manentes at Wimnicas (Much Wenlock, Salop), 12 hides by the river Monnow, at 5 hides at Marund, Herefords., and 30 hides in the district called Lydas (? Lyde, Herefords.). In return Mildburg 1 granted Abbot �thelheah 14 and Abbess Leubswith 1 [Liobsynde] 60 hides at Hampton, Salop..: S1798    (675 x 690)
S227 - Cenwealh 2 granting land to Beorhtwald 6: Cenwealh 2, king of Wessex, to Beorhtwald 6, abbot; grant of 1 hide (cassatus) and two small islands, with a fishery, at Meare, Somerset: S227    (670)
S233 - C�dwalla 1 granting land to Ecgbald 1: C�dwalla 1, king of the (West) Saxons, to Ecgbald 1, abbot, and his familia; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Hoo (ad Hebureahg insulam), Kent: S233    (687)
S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)
S7 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Hlothhere 1 to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury 1); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) in Stodmarsh, Kent: S7    (675)
S71 - �thelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: �thelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 15 hides (cassati) near Tetbury, Gloucs: S71    (681)
S72 - �thelred 2 granting land to St Peter's, Medeshamstede 1: �thelred 2, king, to St Peter's Minster, Medeshamstede 1; grant, appended to a bull of Pope Agatho 2, of land at Breedon on the Hill, Leics.; Hrepingas (? Repton, Derbys.); Cedenac; Swineshead, Lincs.; Heanbyrig; Lodeshale; Shifnal, Salop.; Costesford; Stretford (? Stretford, Salop.); Wattlesborough and Lizard, Salop.; �thelhuniglond (? in Kent); and Bardney, Lincs: S72    (680)
S73 - �thelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: �thelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot, and his successors; grant of 30 hides (cassati) west of the highway (Long Newnton, Wilts., cf S 1038) and 15 near Tetbury, Gloucs: S73    (681)
S8 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Beorhtwald 6 and minster: Hlothhere 1 to Abbot Beorhtwald 6 and his minster; grant of land at Westanae on the Isle of Thanet, and in Sturry, Kent: S8    (679)
S9 - Eadric 5 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Eadric 5, king of Kent, to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) near Stodmarsh, Kent: S9    (686)
Theodore 1.granting St Peter's, Canterbury to Hadrian 2: Theodore 1 granted the monastery of St Peter in Canterbury to Hadrian 2.: Bede.HE  iv.1
Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister �lffl�d 2 abbess of Whitby, and to �thelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and �lfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Healing (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Heresy-allegations/condemnations (2)

Theodore 1.hearing of the heresy at Constantinople: Archbishop Theodore 1 heard that Constantinople was greatly disturbed by heresy in the year in which �thelthryth 2 died.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.34 (679)
Theodore 1.judgment about the ordination of those guilty of heresy: Theodore 1 gave his judgment about the ordination of those formerly guilty of heresy.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.2

Horse-using/giving/acquisition/riding (1)

Theodore 1.ordering Chad 1 to ride: Theodore 1 ordered Chad 1 to ride whenever he was faced with too long a journey.: Bede.HE  iv.3

Hospitality (1)

Theodore 1.journey to Paris: Theodore 1 went to Agilbert 1, who kindly received him.: Bede.HE  iv.1

Hostility (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Illness/demonic seizure/madness (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Imprisonment (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed �thelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence �thelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother �lfwine 4. �thelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop�s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [�bbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop�s feet, and his wife�s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained � but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2�s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4�s aunt, Abbess �bbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man�s reliquary. To restore his spouse�s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband�s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Invasion (1)

Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For �thelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8

Journey (14)

Biscop 2.chosen by Vitalian 1: Vitalian 1 orders Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 back to King Ecgberht 3.: Bede.HistAb  3
Biscop 2.first return from Rome: The Pope [Vitalian 1] ordered Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 to Britain.: Bede.Homilies  I.13 (p.91)
Cenwald 1.arrival in Rome: Cenwald 1, sent by Theodore 1 with letters from the latter, came to Rome.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15
R�dfrith 1.journey to kingdom of Franks: When Ecgberht 3 heard that Theodore 1 was in the kingdom of the Franks, he sent R�dfrith 1 to bring him to England.: Bede.HE  iv.1

Theodore 1 (Male) Archbishop of Canterbury, 668-690 e vii-l vii

Factoid List

Theodore 1 (Male) Archbishop of Canterbury, 668-690
e vii-l vii