Stigand 5 (Male) Bishop of Chichester, d. 1087
m/l xi

Factoids by Source

ASC (C-F) 1042-1087: Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (C-F) 1... (2)

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 ASC (C-F) 1042-1087  E 1086 (bishop of Chichester)

Event (1)

Death/dying (1)

 Stigand 5.death: Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester died.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087  E 1086 (1087)

Bates17 (2)

Event (2)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (1)

 Stigand 5.consecrating Gausbert 1: Bishop Stigand 5 consecrated Gausbert 1 abbot of St Martin's, Battle.: Bates17    (1072 x 1078)

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (1)

 Bates17 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1, Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester, all his successors as king of England and all his faithful men that he has built a church in honour of St Martin on the site where God gave him victory over his enemies.: Bates17    (1072 x 1078)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates17 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1, Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester, all his successors as king of England and all his faithful men that he has built a church in honour of St Martin on the site where God gave him victory over his enemies.: Bates17    (1072 x 1078)

Bates19 (1)

Event (1)

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (1)

 Bates19 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 informs Archbishop Lanfranc 1, Hamo 2, sheriff of Kent, Walter 4 the sheriff, and all his sheriffs and French, English and Welsh barons, that he establishes and orders the abbey of Battle, its surrounding leuga and all its manors with the appendages belonging to them, namely: Wye, Kent ; Alciston, Sussex; Limpsfield, Surrey; Hutton, Essex; Brightwalton, Berks.; Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire; shall be free of all earthly service with sake and soke, toll and team, infangenetheof, geld, scot murdrum, all aids, work on castles, parks and bridges, hideage, danegeld, all please, plaints, shires, hundreds, lestage, tallage, assarts, enclosures, and military service.: Bates19  version I (1070 x 1086)

Freeing from dues (1)

 Bates19 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 informs Archbishop Lanfranc 1, Hamo 2, sheriff of Kent, Walter 4 the sheriff, and all his sheriffs and French, English and Welsh barons, that he establishes and orders the abbey of Battle, its surrounding leuga and all its manors with the appendages belonging to them, namely: Wye, Kent ; Alciston, Sussex; Limpsfield, Surrey; Hutton, Essex; Brightwalton, Berks.; Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire; shall be free of all earthly service with sake and soke, toll and team, infangenetheof, geld, scot murdrum, all aids, work on castles, parks and bridges, hideage, danegeld, all please, plaints, shires, hundreds, lestage, tallage, assarts, enclosures, and military service.: Bates19  version I (1070 x 1086)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates19 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 informs Archbishop Lanfranc 1, Hamo 2, sheriff of Kent, Walter 4 the sheriff, and all his sheriffs and French, English and Welsh barons, that he establishes and orders the abbey of Battle, its surrounding leuga and all its manors with the appendages belonging to them, namely: Wye, Kent ; Alciston, Sussex; Limpsfield, Surrey; Hutton, Essex; Brightwalton, Berks.; Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire; shall be free of all earthly service with sake and soke, toll and team, infangenetheof, geld, scot murdrum, all aids, work on castles, parks and bridges, hideage, danegeld, all please, plaints, shires, hundreds, lestage, tallage, assarts, enclosures, and military service.: Bates19  version I (1070 x 1086)

Bates20 (2)

Event (2)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 Bates20 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1 and Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all his French and English barons and faithful men that he has granted and confirmed that the church of Battle, with its surrounding leuga shall be eternally free of all geld, scot, aid and all earthly service, and have sake and soke, toll and team, infangenetheof, and wardpenny, and shall be free of all custom and the domination of bishops and others.: Bates20    (1070 x 1086)

Freeing from dues (1)

 Bates20 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1 and Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all his French and English barons and faithful men that he has granted and confirmed that the church of Battle, with its surrounding leuga shall be eternally free of all geld, scot, aid and all earthly service, and have sake and soke, toll and team, infangenetheof, and wardpenny, and shall be free of all custom and the domination of bishops and others.: Bates20    (1070 x 1086)

Grant and Gift (1)

 Bates20 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1 and Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all his French and English barons and faithful men that he has granted and confirmed that the church of Battle, with its surrounding leuga shall be eternally free of all geld, scot, aid and all earthly service, and have sake and soke, toll and team, infangenetheof, and wardpenny, and shall be free of all custom and the domination of bishops and others.: Bates20    (1070 x 1086)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates20 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1 and Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all his French and English barons and faithful men that he has granted and confirmed that the church of Battle, with its surrounding leuga shall be eternally free of all geld, scot, aid and all earthly service, and have sake and soke, toll and team, infangenetheof, and wardpenny, and shall be free of all custom and the domination of bishops and others.: Bates20    (1070 x 1086)

Bates20a (2)

Event (2)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 Bates20a - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1 and Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all his bailiffs that he grants and confirms that the abbot and the monks of Battle are to have warren in all places belonging to the monastery.: Bates20a    (1070 x 1087)

Grant and Gift (1)

 Bates20a - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1 and Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all his bailiffs that he grants and confirms that the abbot and the monks of Battle are to have warren in all places belonging to the monastery.: Bates20a    (1070 x 1087)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates20a - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Lanfranc 1 and Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all his bailiffs that he grants and confirms that the abbot and the monks of Battle are to have warren in all places belonging to the monastery.: Bates20a    (1070 x 1087)

Bates21 (1)

Event (1)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 Bates21 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all the barons of Sussex that he has confirmed, and William 9, count of Eu, in his presence, has granted, the gift which Osbern 9 fitzHugh has made to the abbey of Battle, namely 30 arpents of meadow (in Bodiam, Sussex) measured according to the measure of Normandy, which Abbot Gausbert 1, along with the aforesaid Osbern 9, has asked him to concede.: Bates21    (1080 x 1086)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates21 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 notifies Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester and all the barons of Sussex that he has confirmed, and William 9, count of Eu, in his presence, has granted, the gift which Osbern 9 fitzHugh has made to the abbey of Battle, namely 30 arpents of meadow (in Bodiam, Sussex) measured according to the measure of Normandy, which Abbot Gausbert 1, along with the aforesaid Osbern 9, has asked him to concede.: Bates21    (1080 x 1086)

Bates23 (1)

Event (1)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 Bates23 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 informs the clergy and laity of England that he has confirmed that the abbey of Battle shall be free of all exaction, with all dignities and royal customs which he has granted by royal authority as they are witnessed by his charter, with the assent of Archbishop Lanfranc 1, Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester, and the advice of all his bishops and barons.: Bates23    (1070 x 1086)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates23 - writ of William 1 in favour of Battle: King William 1 informs the clergy and laity of England that he has confirmed that the abbey of Battle shall be free of all exaction, with all dignities and royal customs which he has granted by royal authority as they are witnessed by his charter, with the assent of Archbishop Lanfranc 1, Bishop Stigand 5 of Chichester, and the advice of all his bishops and barons.: Bates23    (1070 x 1086)

Bates266 (1)

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 Bates266 - William 18 granting lands to Briouze, Saint-Gervase and Saint-Prothaise: A record of gifts made by William 18 de Briouze to the church of Saint-Gervase and Saint-Prothaise of Briouze, confirmed in England.: Bates266  Version III (1080 x 1083)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 Bates266 - William 18 granting lands to Briouze, Saint-Gervase and Saint-Prothaise: A record of gifts made by William 18 de Briouze to the church of Saint-Gervase and Saint-Prothaise of Briouze, confirmed in England.: Bates266  Version III (1080 x 1083)

Grant and Gift (1)

 Bates266 - William 18 granting lands to Briouze, Saint-Gervase and Saint-Prothaise: A record of gifts made by William 18 de Briouze to the church of Saint-Gervase and Saint-Prothaise of Briouze, confirmed in England.: Bates266  Version III (1080 x 1083)

Bates305 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Stigandus (1)

 Bates305   

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 Bates305   

Event (1)

Patronage (1)

 Bates305 - writ of William 1 in favour of Westminster, St Peter's: King William 1 notifies all his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, sheriffs, and all his barons and officers, both French and English, throughout England in all the shires in which Westminster has lands and men that he has taken the abbey under his protection.: Bates305    (1076)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates305 - writ of William 1 in favour of Westminster, St Peter's: King William 1 notifies all his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, sheriffs, and all his barons and officers, both French and English, throughout England in all the shires in which Westminster has lands and men that he has taken the abbey under his protection.: Bates305    (1076)

Bates306 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Stigandus (1)

 Bates306   

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 Bates306   

Event (1)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 Bates306 - writ of William 1 in favour of Westminster, St Peter's: King William 1 notifies Bishop Hugh 7 of London and all the bishops who will succeed him, Geoffrey 5 de Mandeville, and the sheriff and all future sheriffs, French and English nobles, barons and citizens of London that he has confirmed to the abbey of Westminster all the lands and customs in London which King Edward 15 had granted to the abbey.: Bates306    (1081)

Grant and Gift (1)

 Bates306 - writ of William 1 in favour of Westminster, St Peter's: King William 1 notifies Bishop Hugh 7 of London and all the bishops who will succeed him, Geoffrey 5 de Mandeville, and the sheriff and all future sheriffs, French and English nobles, barons and citizens of London that he has confirmed to the abbey of Westminster all the lands and customs in London which King Edward 15 had granted to the abbey.: Bates306    (1081)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates306 - writ of William 1 in favour of Westminster, St Peter's: King William 1 notifies Bishop Hugh 7 of London and all the bishops who will succeed him, Geoffrey 5 de Mandeville, and the sheriff and all future sheriffs, French and English nobles, barons and citizens of London that he has confirmed to the abbey of Westminster all the lands and customs in London which King Edward 15 had granted to the abbey.: Bates306    (1081)

Bates341 (1)

Event (1)

Grant and Gift (1)

 Bates341 - writ of William 1 in favour of Winchester: King William 1 notifies Bishop Osmund 23 of Salisbury, Edward 26 the sheriff and all his French and English thegns of Wilts. that Bishop Walkelin 1 has a the king’s prayer granted the land which Wulfweard 19 Belgisone held at Alton Priors, Wilts., to William 30 Escudet, the king’s cook.: Bates341    (1078 x 1085)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates341 - writ of William 1 in favour of Winchester: King William 1 notifies Bishop Osmund 23 of Salisbury, Edward 26 the sheriff and all his French and English thegns of Wilts. that Bishop Walkelin 1 has a the king’s prayer granted the land which Wulfweard 19 Belgisone held at Alton Priors, Wilts., to William 30 Escudet, the king’s cook.: Bates341    (1078 x 1085)

Bates39 (1)

Event (1)

Expulsion (1)

 Bates39 - writ of William 1 concerning the adjudication of a dispute between Herfast and Bury St Edmunds: King William 1 informs all the faithful men of his kingdom that Bishop Herfast 1’s claim that the abbey of Bury St Edmunds should be his episcopal church has been brought to his attention and that he has decided that the matter should be heard in his court. On the set day, the bishop made his case eloquently, but produced neither written documents nor witnesses. Abbot Baldwin 5 then told how King Cnut 3 expelled the clerks and introduced monks, how the church had then been dedicated to on that king’s order by Archbishop Æthelnoth 43 of Canterbury, how the first abbot [Ufi 4] had been consecrated by the bishop of London [Ælfwig 13], the second [Leofstan 24] by the bishop of Winchester [Ælfwine 45], and Baldwin 5 himself by the archbishop of Canterbury [Stigand 1], and how the monks had been ordained by the bishops of their choice over a period of fifty-three years without any objection from Herfast 1’s predecessors. He also produced orders of King Cnut 3 and Edward 15 the Confessor which granted that the monastery should be free of all episcopal domination. Those present then decided in Bury St Edmunds favour.: Bates39    (1081)

Judicial decision/review (1)

 Bates39 - writ of William 1 concerning the adjudication of a dispute between Herfast and Bury St Edmunds: King William 1 informs all the faithful men of his kingdom that Bishop Herfast 1’s claim that the abbey of Bury St Edmunds should be his episcopal church has been brought to his attention and that he has decided that the matter should be heard in his court. On the set day, the bishop made his case eloquently, but produced neither written documents nor witnesses. Abbot Baldwin 5 then told how King Cnut 3 expelled the clerks and introduced monks, how the church had then been dedicated to on that king’s order by Archbishop Æthelnoth 43 of Canterbury, how the first abbot [Ufi 4] had been consecrated by the bishop of London [Ælfwig 13], the second [Leofstan 24] by the bishop of Winchester [Ælfwine 45], and Baldwin 5 himself by the archbishop of Canterbury [Stigand 1], and how the monks had been ordained by the bishops of their choice over a period of fifty-three years without any objection from Herfast 1’s predecessors. He also produced orders of King Cnut 3 and Edward 15 the Confessor which granted that the monastery should be free of all episcopal domination. Those present then decided in Bury St Edmunds favour.: Bates39    (1081)

Monastic reform (1)

 Bates39 - writ of William 1 concerning the adjudication of a dispute between Herfast and Bury St Edmunds: King William 1 informs all the faithful men of his kingdom that Bishop Herfast 1’s claim that the abbey of Bury St Edmunds should be his episcopal church has been brought to his attention and that he has decided that the matter should be heard in his court. On the set day, the bishop made his case eloquently, but produced neither written documents nor witnesses. Abbot Baldwin 5 then told how King Cnut 3 expelled the clerks and introduced monks, how the church had then been dedicated to on that king’s order by Archbishop Æthelnoth 43 of Canterbury, how the first abbot [Ufi 4] had been consecrated by the bishop of London [Ælfwig 13], the second [Leofstan 24] by the bishop of Winchester [Ælfwine 45], and Baldwin 5 himself by the archbishop of Canterbury [Stigand 1], and how the monks had been ordained by the bishops of their choice over a period of fifty-three years without any objection from Herfast 1’s predecessors. He also produced orders of King Cnut 3 and Edward 15 the Confessor which granted that the monastery should be free of all episcopal domination. Those present then decided in Bury St Edmunds favour.: Bates39    (1081)

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

 Bates39 - writ of William 1 concerning the adjudication of a dispute between Herfast and Bury St Edmunds: King William 1 informs all the faithful men of his kingdom that Bishop Herfast 1’s claim that the abbey of Bury St Edmunds should be his episcopal church has been brought to his attention and that he has decided that the matter should be heard in his court. On the set day, the bishop made his case eloquently, but produced neither written documents nor witnesses. Abbot Baldwin 5 then told how King Cnut 3 expelled the clerks and introduced monks, how the church had then been dedicated to on that king’s order by Archbishop Æthelnoth 43 of Canterbury, how the first abbot [Ufi 4] had been consecrated by the bishop of London [Ælfwig 13], the second [Leofstan 24] by the bishop of Winchester [Ælfwine 45], and Baldwin 5 himself by the archbishop of Canterbury [Stigand 1], and how the monks had been ordained by the bishops of their choice over a period of fifty-three years without any objection from Herfast 1’s predecessors. He also produced orders of King Cnut 3 and Edward 15 the Confessor which granted that the monastery should be free of all episcopal domination. Those present then decided in Bury St Edmunds favour.: Bates39    (1081)

Bates60 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Stigandus (1)

 Bates60   

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 Bates60   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 Bates60 - William 1 and Matilda 2 granting land to Caen, La Trinité: King William 1 and Matilda 2 grant Felstead, Essex, Minchinhampton and Penbury, Gloucs., and Tarrant, Dorset, to the abbey of La Trinité, Caen, as freely as they were held on the day that King Edward 15 was alive and dead.: Bates60    (1082)

Grant and Gift (1)

 Bates60 - William 1 and Matilda 2 granting land to Caen, La Trinité: King William 1 and Matilda 2 grant Felstead, Essex, Minchinhampton and Penbury, Gloucs., and Tarrant, Dorset, to the abbey of La Trinité, Caen, as freely as they were held on the day that King Edward 15 was alive and dead.: Bates60    (1082)

Bates68 (1)

Event (1)

Agreement (1)

 Bates68 - charter establishing the primacy of Canterbury: In 1072 a meeting was convened at the command of Pope Alexander 1 II and with the agreement of King William 1, to discuss and decide on the primacy of the see of Canterbury over the see of York.: Bates68    (1072)

Assembly (1)

 Bates68 - charter establishing the primacy of Canterbury: In 1072 a meeting was convened at the command of Pope Alexander 1 II and with the agreement of King William 1, to discuss and decide on the primacy of the see of Canterbury over the see of York.: Bates68    (1072)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 Bates68 - charter establishing the primacy of Canterbury: In 1072 a meeting was convened at the command of Pope Alexander 1 II and with the agreement of King William 1, to discuss and decide on the primacy of the see of Canterbury over the see of York.: Bates68    (1072)

GDB: Great Domesday Book (25)

Office (13)

Bishop (13)

 GDB  16v (Sussex 3:3) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  17 (Sussex 3:5) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  17 (Sussex 3:5) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  16v (Sussex 3:1) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  16v (Sussex 3:1) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  17 (Sussex 3:8) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  16v (Sussex 3:4) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  16v (Sussex 3:2) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  17 (Sussex 3:9) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  17 (Sussex 3:9) (bishop of Chichester (canons))
 GDB  17 (Sussex 3:7) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  17 (Sussex 3:6) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))
 GDB  23 (Sussex 11:8) (bishop of Chichester (cathedral))

Possession (12)

 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 36 hides in Aldingbourne, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  16v (Sussex 3:3)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 24 hides in Amberley, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  17 (Sussex 3:5)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 hides in Amberley, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  17 (Sussex 3:5)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 25 hides in Bishopstone, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  16v (Sussex 3:1)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 hides in Bishopstone, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  16v (Sussex 3:1)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 14 hides in East? Wittering, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  17 (Sussex 3:8)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 12 hides in Ferring, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  16v (Sussex 3:4)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 15 hides in Henfield, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  16v (Sussex 3:2)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Preston, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  17 (Sussex 3:9)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 16 hides in Preston, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  17 (Sussex 3:9)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Selsey, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  17 (Sussex 3:7)
 Property recorded in Domesday Book: 12 hides in Sidlesham, Sussex (in 1086): GDB  17 (Sussex 3:6)

Lanfranc, Ep. no. 11 (1)

Event (1)

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (1)

 Lanfranc 1.summoning the council of London: In 1075 there was a council at London summoned and presided over by Lanfranc 1.: Lanfranc, Ep. no. 11    (1075)

Lanfranc, Ep. no. 3 (1)

Event (1)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (1)

 Lanfranc 1.consecration: Lanfranc 1 was consecrated on 29 August 1070 by: William 1 of London, Walkelin 1 of Winchester, Remigius 1 of Dorchester, Siweard 13 of Rochester, Herfast 1 of East Anglia, Stigand 5 of Selsey, Herman 2 of Sherborne, Giso 1 of Wells.: Lanfranc, Ep. no. 3    (1070)

WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum: Gesta Pontificum Anglorum (3)

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.74.10

Event (2)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (1)

 Lanfranc 1.consecration: In 1070, on 29 August Lanfranc 1 was consecrated in the metropolitan see by the suffragans of that see, William 2 of London, Walkelin 1 of Winchester, Remigius 1 of Dorchester or Lincoln, Siweard 13 of Rochester, Herfast 1 of Elmham or Thetford, Herman 2 of Sherborne, and Giso 1 of Wells. The others who did not attend sent apologies both by envoy and in writing. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.25.1 (1070)

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (1)

 Lanfranc 1.council of London: In 1075 there was assembled in London in the church of the apostle St Paul a council of the entire district of England, composed of bishops, abbots, and many persons in religious orders. It was ordered and presided over by Lanfranc 1, archbishop of the holy church of Canterbury and primate of the whole island of Britain; and there sat with him venerable persons: Thomas 2 archbishop of York, William 2 bishop of London, Walkelin 1 of Winchester, Herman 2 of Sherborne, Wulfstan 55 of Worcester, Walter 2 of Hereford, Giso 1 of Wells, Remigius 1 of Dorchester or Lincoln, Herfast 1 of Elmham or Norwich, Stigand 5 of Selsey, Osbern 8 of Exeter, and Peter 10 of Lichfield.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.42.7(1-2) (1075)

Message-sending (1)

 Lanfranc 1.consecration: In 1070, on 29 August Lanfranc 1 was consecrated in the metropolitan see by the suffragans of that see, William 2 of London, Walkelin 1 of Winchester, Remigius 1 of Dorchester or Lincoln, Siweard 13 of Rochester, Herfast 1 of Elmham or Thetford, Herman 2 of Sherborne, and Giso 1 of Wells. The others who did not attend sent apologies both by envoy and in writing. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.25.1 (1070)